Ka'bah

Kaaba is a building close to the form of a cube located in the middle of the Grand Mosque in Mecca. This building is a monument sacred to the Muslims (Muslims). It is a building used as a benchmark or direction of Qibla direction benchmark for things that are of worship for Muslims around the world like a prayer. In addition, a building that must be visited or diziarahi during Hajj and Umrah seasons.
Historian, narrator and others have different opinions about who has built the Kaaba. Some opinions say that there are angels, Adam and Seth. [1] Dimensional structure of the temple building measuring approximately 13.10 m high with a side of 12.62 m 11.03 m times Also called by the name Baitallah.

Historical development

Kaaba is also called Bayt al `Atiq is a beautifully restored building at the time of Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Ismail Ismail after the Prophet was in Mecca on the orders of Allah. In the Qur'an, Sura 14:37 implies that the Kaaba was a sacred site there when the Prophet Abraham Hagar and baby Ishmael place at that location.

At the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW was 30 years old (about 600 AD and has not appointed a messenger at the time), this building was renovated again due to flash floods that hit the city of Mecca at that time. Had been a dispute between the head of a tribe or tribes when they wanted to put the stone back to the Black Stone, but thanks to the settlement of disputes Muhammad was successfully resolved without bloodshed and without any aggrieved party.

On the eve of the Prophet Muhammad was appointed to his move to the city of Medina. Kaaba environment full of sculpture which is a manifestation of God of the Arabs when the darkness of thought (jahilliyah) but as the teachings of Prophet Ibrahim who is the ancestor of the Arabs and the Jews and the teachings of Prophet Moses to the Jews, God should not be worshiped by likened to objects or any creature and has no single intermediary to worship him and there's nothing like it and no children and is not begotten (Surah Al Ikhlas in the Qur'an). Kaaba finally cleared from the statue statue when the Prophet Muhammad to free the city of Mecca without bloodshed.

Furthermore, this building is managed and maintained by the Children Sya'ibah as a key holder and administrative temple and pilgrim services regulated by the government both government caliph Abu Bakr, Umar ibn Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, Dynasty Ummayyah, Abbasid dynasty, Dynasty, Ottoman Turkey, until recently the royal government of Saudi Arabia who acted as servants of the two holy cities, Mecca and Medina.

Building Kaaba


At first the Kaaba building consists of two doors and the location of the Kaaba door is located on the ground, not like now that the door lies a bit high. By the time Muhammad was 30 years old and has not appointed an apostle, carried out renovations at the Kaaba caused by flood. At that time there is a lack of charge, [citation needed] then building the Kaaba made only one door. There is also a part of it that are not included in building the Kaaba, called Hijir Ismail, which is marked half-circle on one side of the Kaaba. It was made a high door located so that only leaders of Quraish tribe who get into it, because the tribe of Quraish tribe or tribes who are glorified by the Arabs at that time.

Prophet Muhammad never imprison his intention to renovate the Kaaba back because their people just walked in Islam, sebagaiman words written in a hadith: "If my people are not just left infidelity, will I send down the door of the Kaaba and made two-door and entered Hijir Ismail into the Kaaba, "as the foundation that was built by Prophet Ibrahim.

When Abdullah ibn Zubair ruled the Hijaz region, the building was rebuilt according to the sayings of Prophet Muhammad SAW, which is above the foundation of Prophet Ibrahim. But when there is war with Abdul Malik bin Marwan local authorities Sham (Syria, Jordan and Lebanon now) and Palestine, there is a fire in the Kaaba from a bullet thrower (onager) owned Syrian troops. Abdul Malik bin Marwan who later became caliph, the renovation of the Kaaba on the basis of re-building at the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW and not based on the foundation of Prophet Ibrahim. Kaaba in the history of the next several times suffered damage as a result of the war and because the age of the building.

When the reign of Caliph Harun Al Rashid in the Abbasid caliphate, the caliph is planning to renovate the temple again as the foundation of Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Muhammad desired. but soon prevented by one of the leading scholars that Imam Malik shrine because it feared would become the rulers apart pairs event after him. So stay within the Kaaba building renovation Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan until now.

Determination of Qibla direction

To determine the direction of direction with sufficient precision can be done with reference to the coordinates of longitude / latitude of the location of the Kaaba in Mecca against each orientation point location using GPS devices. For the needs of the measurement results can be used as reference coordinates following Kaaba Qibla direction determination. The location of the Kaaba,
• 21 ° 25'21 .2 "North Latitude
• 039 ° 49'34 .1 "east longitude
• 304 meters elevation (ASL)
As for how simple it can also be done to make adjustments Qibla direction. At certain times twice a year, the Sun just above Mecca (Kaaba). So if the observer is looking at the sun, and draw a straight line from the Sun cut the horizon / vertical horizon, observers will get the exact position of Qibla direction without having to perform calculations at all, provided the observer knows exactly when the Sun is above Mecca. Each year, the Sun is well positioned just above Mecca on May 28th at 16:18 pm and July 16 at 16:27 pm.

Earth rotates on its axis of rotation with a period of 24 hours. For the observer located on Earth, the observed effect of rotational motion of heavenly bodies is seen as if the Earth revolved around the direction of motion opposite to the direction of rotation of the Earth. The stars are seen moving from east to west. This is similar to the motion of the trees were observed when driving a car, as if the trees were moving in opposite directions with the motion of the car. Effect of this rotation causes the observer observing celestial objects (including the Sun) rising in the east and sets in the west.

Meanwhile, the Earth's circle around the Sun with a period of 1 year. As a result, relative to the stars in the sky sphere, the Sun itself appear to change its position from day to day, and after one year, returned to its original position. The sun moves roughly eastward. But because the field of the Earth's orbit (ecliptic) is not a plot with field rotation of the Earth (equator sky), then the motion of the Sun was also not appropriate to the east, but forming an angle of 23.5 º, according to the large angle between the ecliptic and equatorial sky.

From Earth, observers saw as if the Sun around the Earth. Observers see the sun circled the Earth on the ecliptic field. Because the field makes an angle to the plane of the ecliptic equator of the Earth, in intervals of one year, the Sun at one time was in the north of the equator, and at the other located in the south of the equator. The sun can get as far as 23.5 º from the equator to the north at around 22 June. Six months later, around December 22, the Sun is 23.5 º from the equator to the south. Between June 22 and 22 December, Sun moved to the south of the equator, moving relative to the stars. Meanwhile, between December 22 and 22 June, the Sun moves north toward the equator.

Because the annual motion is combined with the rising motion of the Sun goes down due to rotation of the Earth, the Sun swept the areas that have latitude between 23.5 º and 23.5 º N latitude. In areas on the surface of the Earth that have latitude in the range, the Sun twice a year will be more or less directly overhead. Because Mecca has a latitude 21 º 26 'N, which means is in the area mentioned above, then two times a year, the Sun will be directly above the city of Mecca. When did this happen, can be seen in the almanac, for example Astronomical Almanac.

Determination of Qibla direction with how to see directly the position of the Sun, as mentioned above (on certain dates mentioned above), can not be done in all places. Why because the Earth is round shape. The places that could use the above for determining the direction of Qibla is separate places with less than 90 º Mecca. In separate places of Mecca for more than 90 º, when the sun was right in Mecca, the Sun (as seen from the site) has been under horizon. For example, to the position of observer in Bandung, while the Sun just above Mecca (midday), seen from Bandung, the position of the Sun is quite low, about 18 º above horizon. As for areas in eastern Indonesia, at the time the sun had set, so that practically the moment it can not be used there. For those places that when the sun was directly above the Kaaba, the Sun has been under the horizon / horizon, can wait 6 months later. On each of November 28, 21:09 UT (November 29 4:09 pm) and January 16, 21:29 UT (January 17, 4:29 pm), Sun directly beneath the Kaaba. That is, at that time, if right observer facing the sun, the observer right back to Qibla direction. If observers peg the stick upright, the shadow falls right direction towards the Qibla.